Dental sealants are a protective coating applied to the chewing surfaces of your back teeth (molars and premolars). These teeth have deep grooves that can trap food and bacteria, making them more prone to cavities. Sealants fill in these grooves to create a smoother surface, making it easier to keep them clean. The procedure is quick and painless — and it doesn’t require any numbing or drilling.
Who Should Get Dental Sealants?
Dental sealants are most commonly applied to children and teenagers, particularly after their permanent molars have come in. At this age, teeth are especially vulnerable to cavities because kids and teens may not brush as thoroughly. However, adults with deep grooves in their molars or who are at higher risk for cavities can also benefit from sealants.
Materials Used in Dental Sealants
There are two main types of materials used for dental sealants:
Resin-Based Sealants: Resin-based sealants stick directly to the tooth’s surface, creating a strong protective layer. They are clear or tooth-colored, so they blend well with natural tooth enamel.
Glass Ionomer Sealants: This type of sealant slowly releases fluoride, a mineral that helps prevent decay. While they may not last as long as resin-based sealants, they’re still a great option for people at higher risk of cavities.
How Are Dental Sealants Applied?
The application of dental sealants is a quick, painless procedure that typically takes just a few minutes per tooth. Depending on the type of sealant used, here’s how the process works:
Cleaning: The dental professional will clean and dry the tooth to ensure the surface is free from plaque and debris.
Etching/Conditioning: A special gel is applied to help the sealant stick better to the tooth.
Applying the Sealant: The sealant material is painted onto the tooth’s pits and grooves.
Hardening: Depending on the type of sealant, a special light may be used to harden the material, or it may self-harden within two minutes without the need for a light.
Sealant Repair: Sealants can wear down over time, so they may need to be repaired or reapplied to maintain protection against cavities. If reapplication is needed, it may be done during a routine check-up, or a separate appointment may be required.
The Benefits of Dental Sealants
Dental sealants are highly effective at preventing tooth decay, especially in children. Studies show that sealants can lower the risk of cavities in molars by up to 80% in the first two years and continue to offer protection for several years after application. While sealants provide excellent cavity protection, it's still important to continue practicing good oral hygiene. Brushing twice a day, flossing regularly, and maintaining a balanced diet are essential to keeping your teeth healthy.